The Bebelplatz is the site of the Nazi book burning ceremony (May 10, 1933). The Nazis burned around 20,000 books, including works by Thomas Mann, Heinrich Heine, Karl Marx, and many others. In speaking of remembering what is no longer there, Micha Ullman created a memorial consisting of a glass plate set in the cobblestones, revealing empty book cases. A nearby plaque reads, "Dort, wo man Bücher verbrennt, verbrennt man am Ende auch Menschen," or, "Where they burn books, they ultimately burn people." (-Heinrich Heine) Students at Humboldt University hold a book sale in the square every year to mark the anniversary.
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